Archbishop Chullikatt: Flagrant and widespread persecution of Christians in Middle
East
(Vatican Radio) Archbishop Francis A. Chullikatt, the Permanent Observer of the Holy
See to the United Nations, on Tuesday spoke to a United States Congressional hearing
on largely underreported assaults on the religious freedoms of Christians around the
globe. “Flagrant and widespread persecution of Christians rages in the Middle
East even as we meet,” the Archbishop said. “No Christian is exempt, whether or not
he or she is Arab. Arab Christians, a small but significant community, find themselves
the target of constant harassment for no reason other than their religious faith.
This tragedy is all the more egregious when one pauses to consider that these men
and women of faith are loyal sons and daughters of the countries in which they are
full citizens and in which they have been living at peace with their neighbors and
fellow citizens for untold generations.”
The full remarks of Archbishop
Chullikatt are below
Religious Freedom
The
First Freedom on Which Democratic Societies are Built
Archbishop Francis
A. Chullikatt Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations
Before
the United States House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee
on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations
Mr.
Chairman,
Thank you for this opportunity to address you and the Committee today.
Your recognition of the consequential need to consider and respond effectively
to existing and emerging threats to religious freedom in the world today is commendable.
Such threats manifest not solely under authoritarian regimes or in traditional
societies but even, I regret to say, in the great democracies of the world.
The
Constitution of the United States apprehends well what the Holy See consistently
affirms, namely: that religious freedom is also the “first freedom”, a fundamental
human right from which other rights necessarily flow, and which must always be
protected, defended, and promoted. Pope Benedict XVI identified religious freedom
as: the pinnacle of all other freedoms. It is a sacred and inalienable right. It includes
on the individual and collective levels the freedom to follow one’s conscience
in religious matters and, at the same time, freedom of worship. It includes the
freedom to choose the religion which one judges to be true and to manifest one’s
beliefs in public. It must be possible to profess and freely manifest one’s religion
and its symbols without endangering one’s life and personal freedom. Religious
freedom is rooted in the dignity of the person; it safeguards moral freedom and
fosters mutual respect.
Every government bears the profound responsibility
to guarantee in its Constitution, as your First Amendment and the entire text secure,
religious freedom for its people and must moreover uphold religious liberty both
in principle and in fact. Today, however, religious persecution, be it overt or
discrete, is emerging with an increased frequency worldwide. Even in some of the
western democracies, the longstanding paragons of human rights and freedoms, we
find instances of increasingly less subtle signs of persecution, including the
legal prohibition of the display of Christian symbols and imagery – legitimate
expressions of belief that for centuries has enriched culture – be they on the
person or on public property. This suggests a profound identity crisis at the heart
of these great democracies, which owe to their encounter with Christianity both
their origin and culture, including their human rights culture.
I, personally,
have witnessed many egregious threats to religious liberty during my service around
the globe. My current posting also makes me familiar with the work of the United
Nations, which your great nation helped establish when the world society was desperate
for an institution whose mission would be to secure and maintain international peace
and security. The founding Charter of the United Nations mandates that it fulfill
this mission through safeguarding the fundamental and inalienable rights and responsibilities of
each member of the human family. The preservation of authentic religious freedom thus stands
at the heart of the UN’s solemn responsibility.
Having said this, allow me
to address the following two points in my brief remarks. I will also be submitting
to the committee two more detailed texts for your further consideration.
The
first issue on which I wish to focus today concerns challenges to religious freedom
in the Middle East, particularly for Christians, who since the beginning of Christianity
two thousand years ago have been continuous inhabitants of that important region
of the world. A second issue I will touch upon briefly concerns the responsibility
of the United Nations towards safeguarding this religious freedom. I also wish
to highlight the crucial role the United States of America bears in the work of
the UN by virtue of its significant influence within this organization, as well
as its permanent membership in the Security Council.
Regarding my first
point: flagrant and widespread persecution of Christians rages in the Middle East
even as we meet. No Christian is exempt, whether or not he or she is Arab. Arab
Christians, a small but significant community, find themselves the target of constant harassment
for no reason other than their religious faith. This tragedy is all the more egregious
when one pauses to consider that these men and women of faith are loyal sons and
daughters of the countries in which they are full citizens and in which they have
been living at peace with their neighbors and fellow citizens for untold generations.
One
of the most graphic illustrations of ongoing brutality confronting Arab Christians
is the emergence of a so-called “tradition” of bombings of Catholic and other Christian
houses of worship every Christmas Eve, which has been going on now for the past several
years. Will there be no end in sight for this senseless slaughter for those whom that very
night proclaim the Prince of Peace in some of the oldest Christian communities in
the world?
As is increasingly obvious, governments are by no means guaranteeing
religious freedom consistently among fundamental human rights and, at worst, violations
take the form of the outright persecution of religious believers by state actors.
For its part, the Holy See regularly urges the world’s attention to serious violations
of the right to religious freedom, in general, as well as to recent and continuing
instances of discrimination or systematic attacks on Christian communities, in
particular. In a recent statement to the United Nations Human Rights Council, the
Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva said that research
has indicated that more than 100,000 Christians are violently killed because of some
relation to their faith every year, while other Christians and believers are subjected
to forced displacement, to the destruction of their places of worship, to rape,
and to the abduction of their leaders. Several of these acts have been perpetrated
in parts of the Middle East, Africa and Asia, and are the result of bigotry, intolerance,
terrorism and some exclusionary laws. In addition, some Western countries, where historically
the Christian presence has been an integral part of society, a trend emerges that
tends to marginalize Christianity in public life, ignore historic and social contributions
and even restrict the ability of faith communities to carry out social charitable
services.
Pope Francis himself, in praying recently for all Christians who
experience discrimination on the basis of their belief stated, Let us remain
close to these brothers and sisters who, like (the first martyr of the Church)
St Stephen, are unjustly accused and made the objects of various kinds of violence.
Unfortunately, I am sure they are more numerous today than in the early days of
the Church. There are so many! This occurs especially where religious freedom is
still not guaranteed or fully realized. However, it also happens in countries and
areas where on paper freedom and human rights are protected, but where in fact
believers, and especially Christians, face restrictions and discrimination.
His
predecessor, Pope Benedict XVI, similarly pointed out the same problem in his 2012
address to the members of the Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Holy See. He stressed
how: In many countries Christians are deprived of fundamental rights and sidelined from
public life; in other countries they endure violent attacks against their churches
and their homes. At times they are forced to leave the countries they have helped
to build because of persistent tensions and policies which frequently relegate
them to being second-class spectators of national life. In other parts of the world,
we see policies aimed at marginalizing the role of religion in the life of society.
It even happens that believers, and Christians in particular, are prevented from
contributing to the common good by their educational and charitable institutions."
This past autumn, in a Message to the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Bartholomew
I, Pope Francis called to mind the 1700th anniversary of the Edict of Milan, which
brought about the end to the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, and drew
attention to “…the many Christians of all the Churches and Ecclesial Communities who
in many parts of the world experience discrimination and at times pay with their own blood
the price of their profession of faith.” The Pope also stressed the “…urgent need
for effective and committed cooperation among Christians in order to safeguard
everywhere the right to express publicly one’s faith and to be treated fairly when
promoting the contribution which Christianity continues to offer to contemporary
society and culture.”6 Current circumstances make it particularly important that
Christians work together to ensure religious freedom for all, and to this end it
is crucial that every government guarantee religious freedom for each and every
person in its country not only in its legislation but also in praxis. Strictly
connected to freedom of religion is respect for conscientious objection, of which
everyone should be able to avail himself or herself. Conscientious objection is
based on religious, ethical and moral reasons, and on the universal demands of
human dignity. As such it is a pillar of every truly democratic society and, precisely
for this reason, civil law must always and everywhere recognize and protect it.
After all, these steps ensure not only human dignity but the dignity of democratic institutions.
Regarding
my second point, which concerns the United Nations: the essential importance of
religious freedom for each and every person, community and society, is confirmed
by the foundational international legal instruments and other documents. The Universal
Declaration of Human Rights states that “everyone has the right to freedom of thought,
conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief,
and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest
his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.” Since the
summer of 2010, as the Holy See’s Representative to the UN, I have labored alongside
many people of good will to bring an end to the suffering in the world. The religious
persecution of Christians throughout the Middle East looms large in this theatre
of suffering. The UN General Assembly addresses the question in certain resolutions,
which we have a hand in negotiating.
However, these noble efforts fail to receive
the profile they justly deserve on the world stage. Only Member States, especially
those with leadership profiles like the United States, can take decisive steps
to ensure that the non-derogable human right of religious liberty becomes more
robustly protected worldwide. The self-evident truths underlying healthy democracy
– truths upon which both President Jefferson and the Church agree – require as
much. The religious freedom which the law is expected to protect and promote abides
no mere passive toleration but requires, rather, that States guarantee the basic preconditions
that permit its free exercise by citizens in both their private and public endeavours.
Allow
me now to express my gratitude for efforts this committee undertakes in promoting
religious liberty and those it will undertake in this issue to bring an end to further
suffering and social exclusion of Christians.
As I mentioned, I also leave
for your further consideration two documents of crucial concern to my testimony,
namely: (1) The Lineamenta (or Guidelines) for the 2009 Synod of Bishops Special
Assembly for the Middle East,8 and (2) Pope Benedict XVI’s 2011 World Day of Peace
Message entitled “Religious Freedom, the Path to Peace.” 9 In conclusion, Mr. Chairman,
I express my gratitude to you and to the Committee for this important opportunity
to express solidarity with all Christian believers in the harsh reality of the
persecution of their communities and adherents at this present time. We look to
your country to stand true to its own Constitution and show its leadership in every
forum in working to end the erosion of this most fundamental of human rights. Thank
you for your attention.