jpUj;je;ijapd; gpNurpy; ehl;Lj; jpUg;gazk; - epiwT

 

Nk14: cyfpy; fj;Njhypf;fiu mjpfkhff; nfhz;l gpNurpy;> 1822k; Mz;L NghHj;Jf;fy; ehl;blkpUe;J Rje;jpuk; ngw;wJ. 1889 y; FbauR ehlhdJ.  1891 y; murpay; rhrdk; vOjg;gl;lJ. 1964y; ,lk; ngw;w Ml;rp ftpo;g;gpy; rHthjpfhu Ml;rp eil ngw;W kPz;Lk; 1985y; [dehaf ehlhdJ. njd; mnkhpf;fhtpy; kpfg; nghpa ehlhd gpNurpy; 26 khepyq;fshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; jiyefH gpNurpypah.  mjpfhug;G+Ht nkhop NghHj;Jf;fPrpak;. ,e;ehl;bd; Vwj;jho 18NfhbNa 41 ,yl;rj;J 80 Mapuk; kf;fspy; 84.5 tpOf;fhl;bdH fj;Njhypf;fH vd;W jpUg;gPlf; fzf;nfLg;G $WfpwJ. ehl;L kjKk; fj;Njhypf;fk; MFk;. cyfpd; Vwj;jho 110 Nfhb fj;Njhypf;fhpy; 12 Nfhbf;F Nkw;gl;Nlhiu gpNurpy; nfhz;Ls;sJ vdpDk; fj;Njhypf;fhpd; vz;zpf;if Fiwe;J gpw fpwp];jt rigfSf;Fr; nry;fpwtHfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpj;J tUtjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. vdNt jpUj;je;ij 16k; ngdbf;l;> jkJ gpNurpy; fj;Njhypf;f ke;ijia tpRthrj;jpy; Mog;gLj;j ,j;jpUg;gazj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lhH vd;W ehk; nrhy;yyhk;. mNjNtis gpNurpypy; gpwe;j me;NjhzpNah fy;tht;it GdpjH vd mwptpg;gJk; ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; fhPgpad; ehLfspd; MaHfs; Nguitapd; 5tJ nghJf; $l;lj;ijj; njhlq;fp itg;gJk; ,g;gazj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd ,uz;L Nehf;fq;fs; MFk;. fle;j nts;spad;W rh gTNyhtpy; epfo;j;jpa jpUg;gypapy; Kj;jp ngw;w gpuhd;rp];fd; Jwtp me;NjhzpNah fy;tht;it GdpjH vd mwptpj;jhH. ,e;j 5 ehs; jpUg;gazj;jpd; ,Wjp ehshd Qhapwd;W ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; fhPgpad; ehLfspd; MaHfs; Nguitapd; 5tJ nghJf; $l;lj;ijj; njhlq;fp itj;jhH.

 

QhapW cs;SH Neuk; fhiy 9.15f;F mg;ghnurpjh ghk; N[R]; FUj;Jt fy;YhhpapypUe;J jpwe;j fhhpy; 3 fpNyh kPl;lH Jhuk; nrd;W mg;ghnurpjh khjh jpUj;jyk; nrd;whH. cyfpNy kpfg; nghpa khjh grpypf;fhthd mjd; tshfj;jpy; mkHe;jpUe;j Vwj;jho 2 ,yl;rk; tpRthrpfs; kj;jpapy; jpUj;je;ijapd; fhH tyk; te;jJ. mg;NghJ njd; mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; fhPgpad; ehLfspypUe;J Ng&e;JfspYk; kpjptz;bfspYk; ele;Jk; vd mq;F te;jpUe;j ,yl;rf;fzf;fhNdhH jq;fs; ehLfspd; nfhbfisAk; tj;jpf;fhd; nfhbfisAk; Ml;bf; nfhz;L ghg;gpiwia tho;j;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jdH. tpRthrpfs; kj;jpapy; tyk; te;j ghg;gpiwapd; fhH jpUg;G+l;liwiar; nrd;wile;jJ. ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f fhPgpad; MaH Nguitapd; 5tJ nghJf; $l;lj;jpd; 230 gpujpepjpfs; kw;Wk; FUf;fSld; $l;Lj; jpUg;gypiaj; njhlq;fpdhH jpUj;je;ij. Ehw;Wf;fzf;fhdtHfisf; nfhz;l ghlfH FO tUifg; ghliyj; njhlq;fpaJ.

,j;jpUg;gypapy; Kjypy; ];ghdpak; gpd;dH NghHj;Jf;fPrpaj;jpy; ePz;l fUj;jhokpf;f kiwAiu toq;fpdhH jpUj;je;ij 16k; ngdbf;l;. mjd; RUf;fj;ijj; jkpopy; Nfl;Nghk;.

 

,e;j ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; fhPgpad; ehLfspd; MaHfs; Nguitapd; 5tJ nghJf; $l;lj;ijj; njhlq;Fk; jpUg;gypia epiwT nra;J my;NyYhah tho;j;njhyp ciuAk; toq;fpdhH.

 

];ghdpak; NghHj;Jf;fPrpak; n[Hkhdpak; g;nuQ;r; ,j;jhypak; Mq;fpyk; vd INuhg;gpa nkhopfspy;; Qhapwd;W rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l md;idaH jpdj;jpw;F tho;j;Jk; njhptpj;jhH.

 

jpUr;rigapd; ew;nra;jpg; gzpapy; FLk;gq;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd. Vnddpy; ,y;yj;jpy;jhd; ekJ tpRthr tho;T Kjypy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;L tsHf;fg;gLfpwJ. ngw;NwhNu! ePq;fs;jhd; cq;fs; gps;isfSf;F ekJ tpRthrj;jpd; cz;ikfSf;Fk; kjpg;gPLfSf;Fkhd Kjy; rhd;Wfs;. cq;fs; gw;WWjpAk; kfpo;r;rpAkhd vLj;Jf; fhl;bd; %yk; cq;fs; gps;isfSf;Fg; NghjpAq;fs;. mtHfNshL NrHe;J nrgpAq;fs;. mtHfSf;fhfr; nrgpAq;fs;. cz;ikapy; ,iwthHj;ijahy; Jhz;lg;gl;L jpUtUl;rhjdj;jhy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk; xt;nthU rPlDk; ,j;jifa kiwg;gzp nra;a miof;fg;gLfpwhd;. ,NaRit mwptJk; mtiug; gpwUf;F mwptpg;gijAk;tpl kpf mofhdJ NtW vJTk; ,y;iy. ,J Fwpj;J ntl;fg;glf; $lhJ. FthjhYhg;Ng khjh cq;fspd; topfhl;bahfTk; vLj;Jf; fhl;lhfTk; ,Ug;ghshf.

 

vd;W md;idaH jpdj;jpw;F tho;j;Jr; nrhy;yp kf;fis MrPHtjpj;J kPz;Lk; mg;ghnurpjh ghk; N[R]; FUj;Jt fy;Yhhp nrd;W kjpa cztUe;jpdhH.

 

rpwpJ Neuk; Xa;ntLj;j gpd;dH ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; fhPgpad; ehLfspd; MaHfs; Nguitapd; 5tJ nghJf; $l;lj;ijj; njhlq;fp itg;gjw;fhf  cs;SH Neuk; khiy 4 kzpf;F mg;ghnurpjh fWg;G khjh jpUj;jyj;jpd; fUj;juq;F miwf;Fr; nrd;whH. khiy jpUg;Gfo;khiy nrgj;Jld; ,k;Kjy; mkHT Muk;gkhdJ.

 

jpUj;je;ijAk; kiwAiu epfo;j;jpdhH. 5 Ehw;whz;LfSf;F Nkyhf ,f;fz;lj;jpd; ehLfis mjd; tho;it> fyhr;rhuj;ij ,iwtd; kPjhd tpRthrk; ,af;fpr; nry;fpwJ. fpwp];jtf; fyhr;rhuk; tho;tpd; midj;J epiyfspYk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. me;epiyg;ghL vjpH Nehf;Fk; rthy;fs; Fwpj;Nj ,e;j 5tJ ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; fhPgpad; ehLfspd; MaHfs; Nguit $l;lk; tpthjpf;fTs;sJ. ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; fhPgpadpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tifapyhd [dehaf Kd;Ndw;wk; ,lk; ngWfpd;w NghjpYk; rHthjpfhug; Nghf;fpw;fhd ,iwaioj;jiy Cf;Ftpj;jy; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F Kf;fpaj;jtk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W kiwAiuapy; $wpdhH.

 

,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; fhPgpad; ehLfspd; MaHfs; NguitahdJ 34 ehLfisr; NrHe;j 22 MaH Nguitfspd; $l;likg;ghFk;. ,J 1955 etk;gH 2e;Njjp jpUj;je;ij 12k; gj;jpehjuhy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. mNj Mz;by; Kjd; Kjyhf 1955y; gpNurpypd; hpNah nj [dpapNuhtpy; $l;lg;gl;lJ. mjd; gpd;dH 1968y; nfhyk;gpahtpYk;> 1979y; nkf;rpNfhtpYk; 1992y; rhd; njhkpq;NfhtpYk; eilngw;wd.

 

,f;$l;lj;ijj; njhlq;fp itj;j gpd;dH mg;ghnurpjh ghk; N[R]; FUj;Jt fy;Yhhp nrd;whH jpUj;je;ij. mq;F midthplKk; tpilngw;W mq;fpUe;J nfypfhg;lhpy; rh gTNyh FthUy;Nfh]; rHtNjr tpkhd epiyak; nrd;whH. mq;F gpNurpy; cjtp muRj; jiytH NfhNr Nfhk;]; jh rpy;th cs;spl;l muRg; gpuKfHfs; kw;Wk; jpUr;rigj; jiytHfs; jpUj;je;ijf;Fg; ghpahtpil nfhLf;ff; fhj;jpUe;jdH. Kjypy; cjtp muRj; jiytH NfhNr Nfhk;]; jh rpy;th ciu epfo;j;jpdhH.

 

jpUj;je;ij gpNurpYf;Fg; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;L mUl;jpU fhy;tht;it GdpjH vd mwptpj;jJ ,d;Dk; 5tJ ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; fhPgpad; ehLfspd; MaHfs; Nguitf; $l;lj;ijj; njhlq;fp itj;jJ Mfpatw;Wf;F muRj; jiythpd; rhHgpy; ed;wp njhptpj;jhH. cyf jhuhskakhf;fy; eltbf;iffspy; xOf;fhPjpapy; ntw;wplk; fhzg;gLtijj; jhq;fSk; czHtjhff; $wpdhH.

mjd;gpd;dH jpUj;je;ijAk; gpNurpYf;fhd ,j;jpUg;gazj;jpd; gphpahtpil ciuia toq;fpdhH.

jpUj;je;ij gpNurpy; ehl;by; 5 ehl;fs; gaz epfo;r;rpfis Kbj;J Nuhikf;F tpkhdk; VWKd; me;ehl;L muRj; jiytUf;F ed;wp njhptpf;Fk; je;jpr; nra;jpiaAk; mDg;gpdhH. me;ehl;bdH tUq;fhyf; FLk;gq;fisf; fl;b vOg;Gtjpy; vjpHnfhs;Sk; rthy;fSf;Fg; gjpy; nrhy;tjw;fhd gzpiaj; njhlUkhWk; me;ehL jdJ NeHj;jpahd rka fyhr;rhu kjpg;gPLfis kjpj;J mtw;wpy; tsk; ngWk;gbahfTk; typAWj;jp jdf;Ff; nfhLj;j tuNtw;gpw;F ed;wpAk; njhptpj;Js;shH.

 

My;,j;jhypah Nghapq; 777y; Gwg;gl;L 11kzp 30 epkplq;fs; gazk; nra;J Nuhikf;F ,e;jpa Neuk; ,j;jpq;fs; khiy 3 kzp  55  epkplq;fSf;F te;J NrHe;jhH jpUj;je;ij. mq;fpUe;J mtH fh];jy; fz;Nlhy;Ngh ghg;gpiwfspd; Nfhil tpLKiw khspif nrd;whH. tUk; nts;sp khiy tj;jpf;fhd; jpUk;GthH jpUj;je;ij 16k; ngdbf;l;.

 

,j;Jld; mtuJ 6tJ ntspehl;Lj; jpUg;gazk; epiwTf;F te;jJ. njd; mnkhpf;fhit ek;gpf;ifapd; fz;lk; vd;W mioj;J md;ghd flTspy; tpRthrk; itg;gNj cz;ikahd nrhj;J vd;w nra;jpia ,g;gaz Kj;jha;g;ghf tpl;L te;Js;shH jpUj;je;ij 16k; ngdbf;l;.