rh gTNyh efhpy; jpUj;je;ijapd; 2tJ ehisa jpUg;gaz epfo;r;rpfs;

 

 

Nk 11 : gpNurpy; ehL> g;nuQ;r; fahdh Rhpdhk;> fahdh> ntdpRNtyh> nfhyk;gpah> ngU nghyptpah guhFtha; mHn[d;bdh cUFtha; Mfpa ehLfis vy;iyfshff; nfhz;l ,aw;iftsk; kpf;f mofhd ehlhFk;. 1500k; Mz;L [dthp 26e;Njjp   ];ghdpa fg;gy; gazp tpnrd;jNJ ahnd]; gpd;Nrhd; vd;w Kjy; INuhg;gpaH gpNurpypy; fhyb gjpj;jhH. vdpDk; mNj Mz;L Vg;uy; 22e;Njjp mg;G+kpapy; fhyb gjpj;j Ngj;Nuh my;thnu]; fhg;uhy; vd;w INuhg;gpaNu gpNurpypy; Eioe;j Kjy; INuhg;gpaH vd;W gutyhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,q;F G+HtPf ,dj;jtH Fiwe;jJ 8000 Mz;Lfshf tho;e;J tUtjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. INuhg;gpaHfs; mq;F Kjd; Kjyhfr; nrd;w NghJ ,e;jg; G+HtPf ,dj;jtH me;ehL KOtJk; ehNlhbfshf Ntl;ilahbAk; kPd;gpbj;Jk; Ntshz;njhopy; nra;Jk; tho;e;J te;jdH. ,tHfis G+HtPf ,e;jpaHfs; vd;W INuhg;gpaHfs; mioj;jdH. INuhg;gpaHfs; mq;F FbNawpa gpd;dH; nfhiyfs;> mbikj;jdk;> ,lg;ngaHT> Neha;fs; Nghd;w ,d;dy;fshy; Jd;Gw;W ,k;kf;fspy; gyH ,we;Jtpl;lhYk;> ,d;Wk; 180 nkhopfs; NgRk; 4 ,yl;rj;J 50 Mapuk; Kjy; 7 ,yl;rj;J 50 Mapuk; NgH tiu mNkrhd; gUtkiof; fhl;Lg; gFjpapy;; tho;e;J tUfpd;wdH. NkYk; ,tHfsJ tho;T ,d;Wk; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shfp tUfpd;wJ vd;gij me;ehl;by; jpUg;gazk; Nkw;nfhz;L tUk; jpUj;je;ijf;Ff; fbjk; %yKk; njhptpj;Js;sdH. fhLfspy; nghpa mZkpd;epiyaq;fis mikg;gJ> rhiyfs; NghLtJ> fhLfis mopg;gJ Nghd;w nray;fs; %yk; muR mtHfspd; tho;f;iff;F mr;RWj;jyhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W mf;fbjk; $WfpwJ. ,f;fz;lj;jpy; Ehw;whz;Lfshf mtHfspd; Kd;NdhHfs; ey;ypzf;fj;NjhL tho;e;jJ Nghyj; jhq;fSk; tho;tjw;Fj; jpUj;je;ijapd; NjhoikiaAk; el;igAk; vjpHghHg;gjhfTk; mf;fbjk; $WfpwJ. fHjpdhy; gTNyh vthp];Nlh MHd;];> ,e;jg; G+HtPf ,d ,e;jpahpd; fbjj;ijj; jpUj;je;ijf;Ff; nfhLg;ghH vd;W $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,d;Dk; ,t;tpahod;W gpNurpy; MaHfNshL kjpa czT mUe;jpa  jpUj;je;ij> mk;kf;fs; thOk; mNkrhd; fhl;Lg; gFjpiag; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd MaHfspd; nray;ghLfSf;nfd MaHfsplk; 2 ,yl;rk; lhyiu toq;fpdhH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

 

gpNurpypd; rh gTNyh efhpy; Kjy; ehisa epfo;r;rpfis epiwT nra;J Jha ngdbf;l; JwT ,y;yj;jpy; jq;fpapUe;j jpUj;je;ij 16k; ngdbf;l;> tpahod; cs;SH Neuk; fhiy 8 kzpf;F me;ehl;Lf;fhd ,uz;lhtJ ehs; gaz epfo;r;rpfisj; njhlq;fpdhH. mt;tpy;yj;jpy; jpUg;gyp epfo;j;jpa gpd;dH mq;fpUe;J 16 fpNyh kPl;lhpYs;s ghd;nja;j;uhd;nj]; vd;w rh gTNyh khepy MSdH khspif nrd;whH. ghd;nja;j;uhd;nj]; vd;why; 17k; kw;Wk; 18k; Ehw;whz;LfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;  ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;fhTf;Fr; nrd;w INuhg;gpaHfs; nfhbfisg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L fhLfspYk; Gjpa ,lq;fspYk; jq;fj;ijAk; ituj;ijAk; kw;Wk; gpw tsq;fisAk; Njbr; nrd;wtHfs;. mq;F mtHfSf;nfd gy epidTr; rpd;dq;fs; vOg;gg;gl;Ls;sd. rh gTNyh efiuf; Fwpf;Fk; Kf;fpa milahsq;fspy; ghd;nja;j;uhd;nj]; epidTr; rpd;dKk; xd;W.  vdNt rh gTNyh MSdH khspiff;F ,g;ngaH nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. ,k;khspifapy; gpNurpy; muRj; jiytH Yhap]; ,d;dhrpNah Yhyh jh rpy;thitr; re;jpj;jhH jpUj;je;ij.

 

gpNurpy; muRj; jiytH Yhyhitr; re;jpj;j gpd;dH; mthpd; FLk;gj;jpdH kw;Wk; gpw muRg; gpuKfHfisAk; re;jpj;jhH jpUj;je;ij. Mg;hpf;fhtpd; Vo;ikiaf; Fiwg;gjw;F gpNurpy; cjtp nra;aj; jahuhf ,Ug;gjhf Yhyh jpUj;je;ijaplk; nrhd;djhf mtH epUgHfsplk; $wpapUf;fpd;whH. ghpRg; nghUl;fisAk; ghpkhwpf; nfhz;ldH. gpd;dH kPz;Lk; Jha ngdbf;l; JwT ,y;yk; nrd;whH. mq;F A+j> ,Ryhk; kjg; gpujpepjpfs; cs;spl;l 12 gpw fpwp];jt kw;Wk; gpw rkag; gpujpepjpfisAk; re;jpj;jhH jpUj;je;ij. mHkhz;njh FNrd; rNy vd;w K];yPk; gpujpepjp el;gpd; milahskhfj; jpUj;je;ijf;F K];yPk;fs; mzpAk; nts;is njhg;gp xd;iwg; ghprhf mspj;jhH. gpd;dH mj;JwT ,y;yj;jpy; gpNurpy; MaHfSld; kjpa czT mUe;jpdhH jpUj;je;ij. mg;NghJ ,e;jpa Neuk; tpahod; ,uT 9kzp 45 epkplq;fshFk;. 

 

,e;j ,uz;lhtJ ehs; jpUg;gazj;jpd; Kf;fpa epfo;T vd;W nrhd;dhy; mJ md;W khiy mtH ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f ,isNahiur; re;jpj;jJ vd;W nrhy;yyhk;.  gr;Nrfhk;G khefuhl;rp fhy;ge;J tpisahl;luq;fj;jpy; 30 Mapuj;Jf;F Nkw;gl;l ,isNahH Mly; ghly;fSld; jpUj;je;ijf;fhff; fhj;jpUe;jdH. gpNurpy; kf;fl; njhifapy; Vwf;Fiwa ghjpg;NgH 25 taJf;Fl;gl;ltHfs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

 

jpUj;je;ij mq;F nry;tjw;F Kd;djhf Nfhkhsp Nghy nts;is mq;fpia mzpe;jpUe;j XH ,isQd; Nkilapy; epd;W nfhz;L tho;it Mjhpg;NghUk; fUf;fiyg;ig vjpHg;NghUk; cq;fs; iffis caHj;Jq;fs; vd;W fj;jpdhH. clNd $l;lj;jpdH xUNru iffis caHj;jpdH.

 

jpUj;je;ij mq;F te;j gpd;dH “ngdnjj;Njh ngdnjj;Njh” vd;W mtH ngaiu cuf;fr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;j ,isNahhplk; ,sikia tPzhf;fhjPHfs; vd;Wk; $wpdhH. “,isNahH ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; rPlH kw;Wk; kiwNghjfH” vd;w jiyg;gpy; eil ngw;w ,t;tpisQH re;jpg;gpy; jpUj;je;ij mtHfSf;F Mw;wpa ciuapd; jkpohf;fj;jpd; RUf;fj;ij ,g;nghOJ Nfl;Nghk;.

 

,r;re;jpg;gpy; Njrpa ,isNahH nghWg;ghsH MaH vj;thHNjh gpd;nfa;Nuh jh rpy;th NgRifapy;> jpUj;je;ij gpNurpypy; ,Ug;gJ ehl;bw;F MrPHthjkhf mike;Js;sJ. mLj;j cyf ,isNahH jpdk; vq;fsJ ehl;by; ,lk; ngw Ntz;Lnkd;W tpUk;GfpNwhk; vd;whH. rpy ,isQUk; midthpd; rhHghfj; jpUj;je;ijaplk; jq;fs; tpUg;gq;fis vLj;Jf; $wpdH.

,r;re;jpg;G epiwTw;w NghJ ,e;jpa Neuk; nts;sp mjpfhiy 4 kzp 30 epkplq;fshFk;. jpUj;je;ij ,isNahH re;jpg;ig Kbj;J Jha ngdbf;l; JwT ,y;yk; nrd;whH. mq;Fk; kf;fs; $l;lk; miyNkhjpaJ. Mlk;gukpy;yhky; mikjpahf ,isNahUk; kw;wtUk; Mbf; nfhz;bUe;jdH. jpUj;je;ij ehd;F Kiw ghy;fdp topahf mtHfis tho;j;jpdhH. ,t;tpisNahiur; re;jpf;fr; nrd;w topapy; ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f epidthyaj;jpw;Fk; nrd;whH. 100 Mz;Lfshf ,aq;fp tUk; ,t;tikg;gpd; jiytH M];fhH nea;Nkahplk; rpwpJ Neuk; NgrpdhH. NkYk; gpNurpy; MaHfNshL kjpa czT mUe;jpa NghJ fj;Njhypf;fiu mjpfkhff; nfhz;l ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;ff; fz;lj;jpw;F Fwpg;ghf gpNurpYf;Fk; nkf;rpNfhtpw;Fk; jhd; jpUg;gazk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W njhlf;f Kjw; nfhz;L Mtyhf ,Ue;jijj; njhptpj;jhH. vdpDk; vy;yhtw;wpYk; gpNurpy; Kjd;ik ,lj;ijg; ngWfpd;wJ. Kj;jpg; NgW ngw;w  gpuhd;rp];fd; Jwtp fy;tht;it GdpjH vd mwptpg;gJ kw;Wk; 5tJ ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f – fhPgpad; MaH Nguitiaj; njhlq;fp itg;gJ ,g;gazj;jpd; ,uz;L Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhFk;. cq;fsJ mNkrhd; gFjp jpl;lq;fSf;nfd 2 ,yl;rk; lhyiu toq;f epidj;Njd; vd;W nrhd;dhH jpUj;je;ij.  

 

Vio vspa kf;fs; kPJ jpUj;je;ij nfhz;bUf;Fk; ghptd;Gf;F ,JNt xU rhd;W. NkYk; ,isNahiu Cf;Ftpj;J ,j;jpUg;gazj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ ehisa epfo;r;rpfis Kw;Wg; ngwr; nra;jhH jpUj;je;ij 16k; ngdbf;l;. %d;whtJ ehshd ,t;nts;sp cs;SH Neuk; fhiy 9.30 kzpastpy; mjhtJ ,e;jpa Neuk; nts;sp khiy 6 kzpf;F rh gTNyhtpy; Kj;jpg; NgW ngw;w gpuhd;rp];fd; Jwtp fhy;tht;it GdpjH epiyf;F caHj;Jk; jpUg;gypiaj; njhlq;fpdhH. ,tH gpNurpy; kz; ngw;nwLj;j Kjy; GdpjH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. md;G cs;sq;fNs ,j;jpUg;gyp gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fis ehis ,Nj Neuj;jpy; Nfl;L kfpOq;fs;.

 

1822k; Mz;L NghHj;Jf;fy; ehl;blkpUe;J Rje;jpuk; ngw;w gpNurpy; NguuR> 1889 y; FbauR ehlhdJ.  1891 y; murpay; rhrdk; vOjg;gl;lJ. 1964y; ,lk; ngw;w Ml;rp ftpo;g;gpy; rHthjpfhu Ml;rp eil ngw;W kPz;Lk; 1985y; [dehaf ehlhdJ. njd; mnkhpf;fhtpy; kpfg; nghpa ehlhd gpNurpy; 26 khepyq;fshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; jiyefH gpNurpypah vd;gjhFk;. mjpfhug;G+Ht nkhop NghHj;Jf;fPrpak; MFk;. ,e;ehl;bd; Vwj;jho 18NfhbNa 41 ,yl;rj;J 80 Mapuk; kf;fspy; 84.5 tpOf;fhl;bdH fj;Njhypf;fH. ehl;L kjKk; fj;Njhypf;fk; MFk;. vdNt jpUj;je;ij mnkhpf;ff; fz;lj;jpy; Kjd; Kjyhf gpNurpYf;Fj; jpUg;gazk; Nkw;nfhz;L mk;kf;fis tpRthrj;jpy; Mog;gLj;jp tUfpwhH vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy.