tj;jpf;fhd; Gdpj NgJU grpypf;fh Nguhyaj;jpd; 500 tJ Mz;L - Vg;uy; 18> 2006

Myak;> mJ flTs; thOk; ,y;yk;. vdNtjhd; ek; Kd;NdhHfs; Nfhtpy; ,y;yhj Chpy; FbapUf;fhNj vd;W mwpTiu nrhd;dhHfs;. vdNtjhd; ,t;thyaq;fisf; ftpd;kpF fw;fshYk; gytz;zj; Njhw;wq;fshYk; moFw mikf;fpd;wdH.

 

md;W 1503 k; Mz;by; jkJ ghg;gpiwg; gzpiaj; njhlq;fpa jpUj;je;ij ,uz;lhk; [_ypa](1503-1513);> tj;jpf;fhd; ehl;bd; vy;iyfis tphpthf;f tpUk;gpdhH. mNjhL ghHg;gtiu kiyf;f itf;Fk;> tpag;G+l;l itf;Fk;> cs;sj;jpw;Fj; Jhz;Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk; xU epidTr; rpd;dj;ijAk; vOg;g tpUk;gpdhH. mJ fj;Njhypf;fj; jpUr;rigapd; kfj;Jtj;ijAk; ty;yikiaAk; cyfpw;F czHj;jf; $bajha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpYk; cWjpaha; ,Ue;jhH. mt;TWjpg;ghl;bd; ntspg;ghNl jw;NghJ fk;gPukhf Xq;fp epw;Fk; tj;jpf;fhd; Jha NgJU (,uhag;gH) grpypf;fh Nguhyak;. fpwp];jt cyfj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;s Myaq;fspy; kpfg;nghpaJ ,JthFk;. ,jw;fhd Kjy; mbf;fiy jpUj;je;ij ,uz;lhk; [_ypa];> 1506 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 18 e; Njjp ehl;bdhH.

 

cNuhikg; NguurH fhd;];lild; fpwp];jtj;jpw;F kpfTk; Mjuthf ,Ue;jtH. vdNt mtH ,t;tplj;jpy; Vw;fdNt ehd;fhk; Ehw;whz;by;; xU grpypf;fhitf; fl;bapUe;jhH. ,e;j ,lk; fpwp];jtj;jpw;F kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ.  Vnddpy; ,q;Fjhd; ,NaRtpd; gd;dpU rPlUs; xUtuhd NgJU rpYitapy; jiyfPohf miwe;J nfhy;yg;gl;lhH. mthpd; fy;yiw kPJ ,J fl;lg;gl;lJ. NgJU Kjypy; me;jpNahf;fpahtpd; Mauhf ,Ue;j gpd;dH> cNuhikapd; Kjy; Mauhf ,Ue;jtH. vdNt jpUr;rigapd; Kjy; jpUj;je;ijapd; rkhjp kPJ NguurH fhd;];lild; xU grpypf;fhitf; fl;bdhH. MapDk; jpUj;je;ij ,uz;lhk; [_ypa];> ,g;grpypf;fhtpd; kPJ Gjpa grpypf;fh fl;l tpUk;gp mjw;F mbf;fy;Yk; ehl;bdhH.

 

mbf;fy; ehl;baTld; Ntiyfs; Kk;Kukhf eilngwtpy;iy. fl;Lkhd NtiyfSf;F epiwaj; jilfs; vOe;jd. gzf; f\;lq;fs; te;;jd. fiyQHfs; kj;jpapYk; gpur;ridfs; vOe;jd. vdpDk; Gfo; ngw;w ,j;jhypa fiyQHfs; ikf;fps; MQ;rNyh> [hf;fNkh njy;yh NghHj;jh> njhNkdpf;Nfh /g;nghd;j;jhdh MfpNahhpd; fiyr; rpe;jidahy; ,J cUthdJ. ,jidf; fl;b Kbg;gjw;F 120 Mz;Lfs; vLj;jd. ,Wjpapy; 1626 Mk; Mz;L jpUj;je;ij vl;lhk; cHghd; jw;Nghija Gjpa grpypf;fhit jpUepiyg;gLj;jpdhH.

 

5.7 Vf;fH (23>000 r.kP) gug;gsitf; nfhz;l ,g;grpypf;fhtpy; Vwj;jho mWgjhapuk; NgH tiu mkuyhk;. mz;ikapy; ,lk; ngw;w mfo;tuha;r;rpapy; Gdpj NgJU mlf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpw;Ff; fPo; ,d;Dk; Mokhf XH vYk;Gf; $L fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpy; ghjq;fs; fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,J cz;ikapNy Gdpj NgJUtpd; vYk;Gf;$L vd;Wk; mlf;fk; nra;tjw;fhf mtiur; rpYitapypUe;J ,wf;Ftjw;fhf mtUila ghjq;fs; ntl;lg;gl;bUf;Fk; vd;W rpy mfo;tuha;r;rpahsHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. NkYk; ,jd; taJ 60 Kjy; 70 f;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; vd;Wk; NgJU kiwrhl;rpahff; nfhy;yg;gLk; NghJ mthpd; taJk; mt;tsTjhd; ,Uf;Fk; vd;Wk; nrhy;fpd;wdH. me;j vYk;Gf; $l;bypUe;J fpilj;j xU Jz;Lj; Jzpapy; PETROS ENI mjhtJ “,uhag;gH ,jw;Fs;”vd;w nghUspy; fpNuf;fj;jpy; vOjpapUe;jJk; fpilj;Js;sJ.

 

,e;jj; Jha NgJU grpypf;fhtpd; $iu (NfhGuk;) Kl;il tbtj;jhyhdJ. rpw;gpfs; ikf;fps; MQ;rNyhthyhy; tbtikf;fg;gl;L fl;blf; fiyQH [hf;fNkh njy;yh NghHj;jhthy; 1590 ,y; Kbf;fg;gl;lJ. 1564 ,y; ikf;fps; MQ;rNyh ,we;j NghJ mf;$iuapd; mbg;gFjp kl;Lk; Kbf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. 42.3 kPl;lH tpl;l cs;gFjpiaf; nfhz;l ,e;j ,ul;ilf; $iu> nrq;fw;fshdJ. 18 k; Ehw;whz;bd; kj;jpa gFjpapy;  ,jpy; tphpry; Vw;gl;ljhy; ehd;F ,Uk;Gr; rq;fpypfshy; mJ gpizf;fg;gl;lJ. mjd; cr;rpapYs;s jq;f epw ge;J Nghd;w cUz;il 1593 ,y; itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,g;grpypf;fhf; $iu fl;lg;gl;l gpd;dH cyfpy; gy ,lq;fspy; fl;lg;gl;l ,j;jifa $iufs; vg;nghOJk; ,jNdhL xg;gpl;Lg; Ngrg;gl;lJ.

 

,e;j tj;jpf;fhd; grpypf;fh jpUj;je;ijapd; mjpfhug; G+Ht ,lkhf ,y;yhtpbDk; ,J mthpd; kpf Kf;fpakhd Myak; vd;W nrhy;yyhk;. ,jd; nfhs;sT> ghg;gpiw jq;fpapUf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F ,Ufpy; ,Ug;gJ kw;Wk; tj;jpf;fhd; ehl;bd; vy;iyf;Fs; ,Ug;gJk; ,jw;fhdf; fhuzq;fshff; Fwpg;gplyhk;. NkYk; ,g;grpypf;fhtpy; MaH ,Uf;ifAk; cs;sJ. 

 

,g;grpypf;fhtpd; Kfg;gpd; Nky; “IN HONOREM PRINCIPIS APOST PAVLVS V BVRGHESIVS ROMANVS PONT MAX AN MDCXII PONT VII” mjhtJ “mg;Ngh];jyHfspd; ,sturiu nfsutpf;Fk; tpjkhf: jpUj;je;ij> cNuhikf; Fbkfd; 5k; gTy;> 1612 k; Mz;by; > mthpd; Vohk; tUlg; ghg;gpiwg; gzpapy;”vd;W vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,k;Kfg;G 114.69 kP.mfyKk; 45.55 kPl;lH cauKk; nfhz;lJ. cr;rapy; fpwp];J> jpUKOf;F Nahthd; kw;Wk; 11 mg;Ngh];jyHfspd; jpUTUtr; rpiyfs; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Gdpj NgJUtpd; jpUTUtr; rpiy grpypf;fhtpd; cs;Ns itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kfg;gpy; ,Ugf;fKk; ,uz;L fbfhuq;fs; cs;sd. mjpy; ,lJ gf;fj;jpYs;s fbfhuk; 1931 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J kpd;rhuj;jhy; ,af;fg;gLfpwJ. ,q;Fs;s gioa Mya kzp 1288 k; Mz;by; itf;fg;gl;lJ. [hf;fNkh khd;Rthy; tbtikf;fg;gl;l njw;Fg; gf;f fjT“,we;jtHfspd; fjT”vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. 1455 ,y; me;NjhdpNah mntUypNdhthy; tbtikf;fg;gl;l kj;jpa fjT gioa grpypf;fhtpy; ,Ue;jJ. mJ njhlHe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. tlf;Fg; gFjpapYs;s ntz;fyj;jhyhdg;“Gdpjf; fjT”1950 ,y; tpf;Nfh nfhd;NrhHj;jpapdhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J Gdpj Mz;Lfspy; kl;Lk; jpwf;fg;gLfpwJ.

grpypf;fhtpd; fpof;Fg; gFjpapYs;s nghpa rJf;fk; 1656 f;Fk; 1667 f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;lJ. ,Ugf;fKk; khngUk; Jhz;fshy; moFw fhl;rpaspf;Fk; ,t;tshfk; gh&f; fl;blf; fiyia epidTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jd; eLtpYs;s 25.5 kPl;lH cauKs;s ];Jhgp vfpg;jpy; fp.K. 13k; Ehw;whz;by; nra;ag;gl;lJ. cNuhk; ePNuh rpHf;F]py; itf;fg;gLtjw;fhf Kjy; Ehw;whz;by; cNuhikf;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. ,jd; cr;rpapy; [_ypa]; rPrhpd; m];jp nfhz;l nghpa ntz;fy cUz;ilf; fyrk; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; Gdpj NgJU tshfj;jpe;Ff; nfhz;ltug;gl;l NghJ mf;fyrk; vLf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. khwhf mjpy; rpYit itf;fg;gl;lJ. rpYitNahL NrHj;J mjd; cauk; 40 kPl;luhFk;. jpUj;je;ij Ie;jhk; rpf;];J]pd; cj;jutpd; Nghpy; 1585 ,y; me;j ];Jhgp jw;NghJs;s ,lj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;lJ. tshfj;jpd; ,Ugf;fKk; ,uz;L ePH Cw;Wfs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpy; tlf;fpYs;sJ 1613 ,y; kNjHNdhthYk; njw;fpYs;sJ 1675 ,y; ngHdpdpahYk; itf;fg;gl;ld.

 

jw;Nghija Gjpa grpypf;fhtpw;F mbf;fy; ehl;lg;gl;ljd; 500 Mk; Mz;L gw;wp Vg;uy; 17> my;NyYhah tho;j;njhyp ciuapy; Fwpg;gpl;l jpUj;je;ij 16 Mk; mrPHthjg;gH> ,g;grpypf;fhg; gzpfSf;Fg; gytopfspy; cjtpnra;j midtUf;Fk; ed;wp nrhd;dhH. jpUr;rigapd; tshr;rpapy; capUs;s %iyf;fw;fshf tho Ntz;Lnkd;w fj;Njhypf;fhpd; MHtj;ij ,e;j 500 Mk; Mz;L tpohj; Jhz;btpLk; vd;W jhd; ek;GtjhfTk; $wpdhH.

 

fjputd; cjpf;f kwe;jhYk; ,g;grpypf;fhTf;F kl;Lk; jpUg;gazpfSk; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfSk; tu kwg;gjpy;iy. Xt;nthU ehSk; vz;zw;w kf;fs; ,q;f te;J tpae;J ghHf;fpd;wdH. Gdpj NgJU fy;yiwapy; jpUg;gyp fz;L nrgpf;fpd;wdH. ,jidf; fl;lf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;j jpUj;je;ij ,uz;lhk; [_ypa]pd; MtYk; ,jd; %yk; epiwNtwp tUfpwJ.