The provisional, off-the-record and unofficial English version is published below:
INTODUCTION
Propositio
1 Documentation Presented to the Supreme Pontiff
The synod fathers present
to the Supreme Pontiff for his consideration the documentation resulting from the
Special Assembly concerning «The Catholic Church in the Middle East: Communion and
Witness. "Now the company of those who believed were of one heart and soul" (Acts
4: 32)». This documentation includes: the "Lineamenta", the "Instrumentum laboris",
the "ante" and "post disceptationem" presentations, the texts of the interventions,
both those presented in the synod hall and those "in scriptis", and especially some
specific recommendations to which the synod fathers have given a certain importance. The
synod fathers humbly ask the Holy Father to consider the possibility of issuing a
document on the Communion and Witness of the Church in Middle East.
Propositio
2 The Word of God
The Word of God is the soul and foundation of the Christian
life and of all pastoral work; we hope that every family would own a Bible. The
synod fathers encourage daily reading of and meditation on the Word of God, especially
"lectio divina", and the creation of a website about the Bible, including Catholic
explanations and commentaries which are easily understood by the faithful. We would
also like to see the preparation of an introductory booklet to the Bible, both Old
and New Testaments, which could offer a simple way to help people read the Bible.
They also encourage eparchies / dioceses (throughout the document, the word "diocese"
also applies to an "eparchy", the equivalent term in Eastern terminology) and parishes
to introduce and promote Bible studies in which the Word of God is meditated upon
and explained in such a way as to answer the questions the people have, and help them
to become more familiar with the Scriptures, deepening their spirituality and apostolic
and missionary commitment.
Propositio 3 A Biblical Pastoral Programme
The
synod fathers urgently recommend that work be undertaken to place the two Testaments
of Holy Scripture at the centre of our Christian life by encouraging the faithful
to proclaim them, read them, meditate on them, interpret them in the light of Christ
and celebrate them liturgically, as did the first Christian communities. We propose
that a Year of the Bible be proclaimed after due preparation and that it be followed
by an annual Week of the Bible.
I. THE CHRISTIAN PRESENCE IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Propositio
4 Identity of the Eastern Catholic Churches
Amidst a world marked by division
and extreme positions, we are called to live communion in the Church staying open
to everyone, without succumbing to confessionalism. We will be able to do this if
we remain faithful to our rich historical, liturgical, patristic and spiritual heritage
as well as the teaching of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council and to the norms
and structures of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, the Code of Canon Law
and the particular laws of the Churches.
Propositio 5 Sharing in the Cross
Whilst
denouncing persecution and violence like everyone else, the Christian remembers that
being Christian means sharing the cross of Christ. The disciple is not greater than
the Master (cf Mt 10:24). He recalls that blessed are those who are persecuted for
justice sake, for theirs is the Kingdom of heaven (cf Mt 5:10). However, persecution
must raise the awareness of Christians worldwide of the need for greater solidarity.
It must also arouse in us the commitment to support and insist on international law
and respect for all people and all peoples. The attention of the whole world should
be focused on the tragic situation of certain Christian communities of the Middle
East which suffer all manner of trials sometimes even to the point of martyrdom. National
and international bodies should also be called upon to make a special effort to bring
an end to this situation of tension by re establishing justice and peace.
Propositio
6 The Land
Given that attachment to the land of one's birth is an essential
element of the identity both of individuals and of peoples, as well as an environment
of freedom, we exhort our faithful and our Church communities not to give in to the
temptation to sell off their real estate. In difficult economic circumstances, we
propose to help Christians retain possession of their lands or to acquire new ones
through the creation of projects responsible for making them prosper, allowing the
owners to stay where they are with dignity. This effort must be accompanied by an
in depth examination of the meaning of the Christian presence and vocation in the
Middle East.
Propositio 7 Managing Goods
For the sake of transparency,
it is necessary to devise an auditing system for the Church's financial affaires,
which distinguishes clearly what belongs to the Church and what belongs personally
to those in service of the Church. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain the
properties and goods of the Church and her institutions.
Propositio 8 Encouragement
to Make Pilgrimages
The East is the land of biblical Revelation. Very early
on, the region became a place of pilgrimage in the footsteps of Abraham in Iraq, of
Moses in Egypt and in Sinai, of Jesus in the Holy Land (Egypt, Israel, Palestine,
Jordan, Israel and Lebanon) and of St. Paul and the Churches mentioned in the Acts
of the Apostles and the book of Revelation (Syria, Cyprus, and Turkey). Pilgrimage
to the Holy Places has been encouraged by the Supreme Pontiffs. Going back to the
place of origins is an opportunity for a profound catechesis, enabling the pilgrim
to discover the riches of the Eastern Churches and to meet and encourage the local
Christian communities, the living stones of the Church.
Propositio 9 Peace
Our
Churches commit themselves to pray and to work for justice and peace in the Middle
East and call for a "purification of memory", choosing the language of peace and hope
and avoiding that of fear and violence. They call upon the civil authorities to implement
the resolutions of the United Nations concerning the region, particularly the return
of refugees and the status of Jerusalem and the Holy Places.
Propositio 10 Consolidating
the presence of Christians
Our Churches must create an office or a commission
entrusted with the study of the phenomenon of migration and of the factors behind
it so as to find ways of stopping it. They are to do all that is possible to boost
the presence of Christians in their countries, and to do this especially through development
projects to limit the phenomenon of migration.
Propositio 11 Pastoral
practice for emigration
The presence of numerous Eastern Christians in all
the continents challenges the Church to devise an appropriate pastoral programme in
light of emigration: 1. the Eastern bishops are to visit the seminaries of the
Middle East to present the situation and the needs of their eparchies; 2. the formation
of seminarians with a missionary spirit, open to different cultures; 3. the preparation
and accompaniment of priests missioned outside the patriarchal territory; 4. the
promotion of vocations work in the communities outside of the patriarchal territory;
and 5. the sending of priests and the establishment of their own eparchies wherever
the pastoral needs require them according to the canonical norms.
Propositio
12 Emigration and Solidarity
1. To awaken and reinforce a sense of solidarity
and of sharing with the country of origin, by contributing to pastoral projects and
in cultural, educational, economic and social development; 2. to educate Christians
who have emigrated to remain faithful to the tradition of their origins; 3. to strengthen
bonds of communion between emigrants and the Churches in their native countries.
Propositio
13 Emigration Formation
We urge Churches in the countries which receive
immigrants to be familiar with and to respect Eastern theology, traditions and patrimonies,
and that this be reflected in their norms, and sacramental and administrative practices.
This will help collaboration with Eastern Churches present in those countries, and
in the formation and pastoral care of their faithful.
Propositio 14 Immigration
We
are seriously concerned about the condition of immigrant workers in the Middle East,
both Christians and non Christians, especially women. Many of them find themselves
in situations that are difficult or that even undermine their dignity. We call
on patriarchal synods and episcopal conferences, Catholic charitable institutions,
especially Caritas, political leaders, and all people of good will, to do everything
in their power to ensure the respect of immigrants' fundamental rights as recognised
by international law, regardless of the nationality or religion of the immigrants
in question, and to offer them legal and human assistance. Our Churches should seek
to provide the spiritual help they need as a sign of Christian hospitality and of
ecclesial communion.
Propositio 15 Welcoming Churches
To better welcome
and guide immigrants to the Middle East, the Churches from which they come are asked
to maintain regular contact with the Churches which welcome them by assisting them
to set up the structures they need, i.e. parishes, schools, meeting places, etc.
II. ECCLESIAL COMMUNION
A. Communion Within the Church (ad intra)
Propositio
16 Communion within the Catholic Church
"The Holy Catholic Church, which
is the Mystical Body of Christ, is made up of the faithful who are organically united
in the Holy Spirit by the same faith, the same sacraments and the same government
and who, combining together into various groups which are held together by a hierarchy,
form separate Churches or Rites. Between these there exists an admirable bond of union,
such that the variety within the Church in no way harms its unity; rather it manifests
it" ((Orientalium Ecclesiarum, 2). To strengthen this communion, we recommend: 1.
the creation of a commission of cooperation between the Catholic hierarchs of the
Middle East, which will be responsible for the promotion of a common pastoral strategy,
better understanding of one another's traditions, inter ritual institutions and joint
charitable organizations; 2. the organisation of regular meetings between Catholic
hierarchies of the Middle East; 3. the sharing of material resources between rich
and poor dioceses; 4. the foundation of a priestly association, Fidei Donum, for
the mutual assistance of eparchies and Churches.
Propositio 17 New Ecclesial
Movements
A number of the synod fathers recognize that the new ecclesial movements
of the Western tradition, increasingly present in the Churches of the Middle East,
are a gift of the Spirit to the whole Church. To help the charism of these movements
to build up the Church, it behoves their members to live out their own charism taking
into full account the culture, history, liturgy, and spirituality of the local Church.
To make this happen, these movements are asked without delay to start working in union
with the bishop of the place and to follow his pastoral instructions. It would be
desirable for the Catholic hierarchy of each country of the Middle East to work out
a common pastoral position on the movements in question, their integration and pastoral
activity.
Propositio 18 The Jurisdiction of Patriarchs
Outside of
the patriarchal territory, in order to maintain the communion of the Eastern faithful
with their patriarchal Churches and to provide them with appropriate pastoral service,
it is desirable to study the question of extending the jurisdiction of the Eastern
Patriarchs to cover members of their Churches wherever they live throughout the world,
with a view to taking appropriate measures.
Propositio 19 The Situation
of the Catholic Faithful in the Gulf Countries
In a spirit of communion and
for the good of the faithful, it would be desirable to form a commission bringing
together the representatives of the relevant dicasteries, the apostolic vicars of
the region and the representatives of the sui iuris Churches concerned. This commission
would be responsible for studying the situation of the Catholic faithful in the countries
of the Gulf, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and suggest solutions to the Holy See
which it deems helpful for the promotion of pastoral action.
Propositio 20 Vocations
Vocations
work supposes: - prayers for vocations in the family, in the parish, etc.; -
promoting the Christian life in families so as to make possible the blossoming of
vocations; - the creation of vocations committees in each diocese involving priests,
consecrated men and women and lay people to organize meetings for young people so
as to present to them the various vocations in the Church and clarify their discernments; -
devise a plan of spiritual formation for young people involved in the ecclesial movements; -
making parishes and schools more aware of the different kinds of vocations, priestly,
consecrated and lay; - maintaining or setting up minor seminaries where feasible; -
calling on priests and consecrated men and women to witness by the coherence of what
they say and do in their lives; - to intensify an ecclesial communion between priests,
which requires an openness to the different pastoral needs of dioceses. This can help
remedy the low number of priests in some dioceses; and - to attract young people
to consecrated life by the example of a deep, radiant, happy spiritual life.
Propositio
21 The Arabic Language
The experience of the synod for the Middle East has
highlighted the importance of the Arabic language, above all that it has contributed
to the development of the theological and spiritual thought of the universal Church,
and more precisely the patrimony of Arabic Christian literature. The proposal was
made to make greater use of the Arabic language in the major institutions of the Holy
See and their official meetings, so that Christians of Arab culture have access to
information from the Holy See in their mother tongue.
B. Communion Among the
Bishops, Clergy and Faithful
Propositio 22 The Clergy
To make sure
the clergy have a reasonable and dignified standard of living, especially when they
are advanced in years and not in active service, it is necessary: 1. to put in
place a system of solidarity that ensures an equal salary for all priests who are
active or inactive, as set out in the canonical norms; 2. to institute a system
of social protection according to the conditions of each country that should be extended
to men and women religious, as well as to the wives of married priests and to their
children who are minors.
Propositio 23 Married Priests
Clerical
celibacy has always and everywhere been respected and valued in the Catholic Churches,
in the East as in the West. Nonetheless, with a view to the pastoral service of our
faithful, wherever they are to be found, and to respect the traditions of the Eastern
Churches, it would be desirable to study the possibility of having married priests
outside the patriarchal territory.
Proposito 24 The Laity
By Baptism,
lay people participate in the triple function of Christ's priesthood, becoming prophets,
kings and priests. The Second Vatican Ecumenical Council recognized the role and mission
of the laity in its decree on the lay apostolate (Apostolicam actuositatem). Pope
John Paul II convoked a synod on the laity and published the apostolic exhortation
Christifideles laici in which he expressed esteem for "the very important apostolic
collaboration which the lay faithful, men and women, bring to the life of the Church
through their charisms and all their activity in the cause of evangelization, the
sanctification and the Christian animation of the temporal realm" (no. 23). The
synod fathers commit themselves in the same way, especially since lay people in the
East have always played a role in the life of the Church. The fathers want lay people
to share in a greater degree of responsibility in the Church, encouraging them to
be apostles in their workplace and to witness to Christ in the world in which they
live.
Propositio 25 Formation of seminarians
As a way of developing
our unity in diversity, seminarians are to be formed in the seminaries of their respective
Churches as well as to receive their theological formation in a joint Catholic faculty.
In certain places and for pastoral and administrative reasons, however, it may be
helpful to have a single seminary for different Churches.
Propositio 26 The
Consecrated Life
At the heart of the Church is consecrated, apostolic, monastic
and contemplative life. The synod fathers show deep gratitude to consecrated men and
women for their evangelical witness. They remember especially the martyrs of yesteryear
and the present day. They ask that the consecrated life, adequately renewed, be welcomed,
encouraged, and integrated ever more closely into the life and mission of the Church
in the Middle East. Our Churches recognize the importance of the place of consecrated
women and women religious in society, by virtue of their witness of faith, their disinterested
service and their precious contribution to "the dialogue of life".
Propositio
27 Women and Children
Our Churches are to take the appropriate means to
foster and reinforce the respect, dignity, role and rights of women. The competent
and generous devotion of women at the service of life, the family, education and healthcare
need to be highly appreciated. Our Churches are to ensure that they are integrated
and take a full part in pastoral activities by listening carefully to them. Children
are the crown of marriage and a special gift for the world, the Catholic Church and
Catholic parents have always shown a special interest for the health and education
of all their children. Every effort must be made to safeguard and promote the respect
of their natural human rights from the moment of conception, and to provide them with
healthcare and Christian education.
C. Communion With the Churches and Ecclesial
Communities: Ecumenism (ad extra)
Propositio 28 Ecumenism
Unity between
the disciples of Christ in the Middle East is above all the work of the Spirit. It
is to be sought through a conversion of the heart, in a spirit of prayer, respect,
perseverance and love, far removed from any trace of the mistrust, fear and prejudice
which constitute such obstacles to unity. We wish to see our Churches renew their
ecumenical commitment through practical initiatives: - by supporting the Council
of the Churches of the Middle East; - by providing our parishes, schools and seminaries
with formation in an ecumenical spirit, underlining the achievements of the ecumenical
movement; - by implementing any pastoral agreements which may have been made; -
by organising meetings of the faithful and pastors for prayer, meditation on the Word
of God and collaboration in all areas; - by adopting a standard Arabic translation
of the Our Father and the Nicene Creed; and - by working for a common date for
the celebrations of Christmas and Easter. The Eastern Catholic Churches, living
in communion with the Church of Rome and in fidelity to their Eastern traditions,
have a vital ecumenical role to play. The synod fathers urge these Churches to
inaugurate an ecumenical dialogue at the local level. They recommend also that the
Eastern Catholic Churches take part as much as possible in international commissions
for dialogue.
Propositio 29 Feast of Martyrs
To inaugurate an annual
feast in common for all the martyrs of the Churches of the Middle East and to request
each Eastern Church to draw up a list of its own martyrs, witnesses of the faith.
III.
CHRISTIAN WITNESS WITNESSES OF THE RESURRECTION AND LOVE
A. Christian Formation
Propositio
30 Formation
To help adults to grow in a living faith, our Churches of the
Middle East propose the creation of catechetical centres where they are lacking. On
going formation and collaboration between the different Churches at the level of the
laity, seminaries and universities are indispensable. All these centres should be
open to all the Churches. Catechists in particular must be properly prepared through
a suitable formation which takes into account current problems and challenges. All
the baptised are to be ready to give an account of their faith in Jesus Christ and
are to be concerned about putting forward the Gospel without timidity but also without
giving offence. Formation is to address the celebration of the mysteries, knowing,
living and acting. Homilies are to be well prepared, based on the Word of God and
linked to real life. It is important that formation includes learning about modern
technology and communication science. Lay people are to witness firmly to Christ in
society. The foundations which will enable them to become such witnesses are in Catholic
schools which have always been recognised as the most important means of religious
education for Catholics and for a social formation which leads to mutual understanding
of all members of society. At the university level, we encourage the foundation of
an association of institutions of higher education with particular attention to the
social doctrine of the Church.
Propositio 31 Pastoral Workers
In
order to form leaders and pastoral workers in various areas, we recommend the foundation
of inter ecclesial formation centres in each country which employ the new technology
of audiovisual communications. The resources they produce should be available on line
and on DVD to make them as cheaply and widely available as possible.
Propositio
32 Catholic schools and Educational Institutions
The synod fathers encourage
Catholic schools and educational institutions to continue to be faithful to their
mission of educating new generations in Christ's spirit, in human and Gospel values,
and consolidating a culture of openness, conviviality, care and concern for the poor
and for those who suffer from disability. In spite of the difficulties, the fathers
invite them to maintain the educational mission of the Church and to further the development
of young people who are the future of our societies. Given how important the role
of these institutions is for the common good, we remind those in positions of responsibility
to offer them their support.
Propositio 33 Media
The synod fathers
have noted the pivotal importance of the new means of communication for Christian
formation in the Middle East, as well as for the proclamation of the faith. They are
communication networks which hold out the promise of special opportunities for the
spreading of the Church's teaching. Concretely, the synod fathers advocate the
aid and maintenance of the existing structures in this area, such as "Télé lumière
Noursat," "la Voix de la Charité" and others, so as to fulfil the objectives for which
they have been established in an ecclesial spirit. Some synod fathers have even wanted
to support the creation of a media city for Noursat both regionally and internation¬ally. The
synod fathers heartily recommend to those in charge of audiovisual structures in our
Churches: - the creation of a team with technical and theological expertise; -
the establishment of programmes of biblical formation for pastoral purposes; and -
the use of subtitles in Turkish and Farsi for Christians in Turkey and Iran.
Propositio
34 Mission
Heirs of an apostolic spirit which has taken the Good News to
distant lands, our Eastern Catholic Churches are asked to renew their missionary spirit
in prayer, through formation and through being sent on mission. The urgency of the
mission both ad intra and ad extra is an incentive for the Churches.
Propositio
35 The Family
The family, the basic unit of society and the "domestic Church,"
needs to be accompanied and supported through its problems and difficulties, especially
in the urban environment. In order to attain this objective, we need to make better
provisions in centres for marriage preparation, counselling and guidance centres,
spiritual and human guidance of young families, and their on going pastoral support,
above all those facing difficult situations (emotional difficulties, disability, drugs
etc.). Child bearing and the good education of children should be encouraged. The
practice of home visiting by pastors should be revived.
Propositio 36 Youth
"Youth
are the future of the Church", said Pope John Paul II. His Holiness, Pope Benedict
XVI continues to encourage youth: "Despite these difficulties, do not let yourselves
be discouraged, and do not give up on your dreams! Instead, cultivate all the more
your heart's great desire for fellowship, justice and peace. The future is in the
hands of those who know how to seek and find sound reasons for life and hope" ("Message
for the XXV World Youth Day", 7, 28 March 2010). Moreover, he appeals to them to be
missionaries and witnesses in their societies and in their way of life. He calls them
to deepen their faith and grow in their knowledge of Jesus Christ, their Ideal and
Model, so as to participate with him in the salvation of the world. The synod
fathers commit themselves: - to listen to them so as to respond to their questioning
and their needs; - to ensure their necessary spiritual and theological formation,
suitable to assist them in their work; - to build with them bridges of dialogue
so as to bring down the walls of division and separation in societies; and - to
put to use their creativity and their know how so they can serve Christ, their peers
and the society in which they live.
Propositio 37 A New Evangelisation
Our
Churches are called upon to adopt the mentality of a New Evangelisation by taking
into consideration the cultural and social context in which people live, work and
act today. This demands a profound conversion and renewal in light of the Word of
God and the sacraments, especially reconciliation and the Eucharist.
Propositio
38 Social Doctrine
The synod fathers urgently recommend the diffusion of
the social doctrine of the Church, which is oftentimes lacking. It is an integral
part of faith formation. The Catechism of the Catholic Church and the Compendium of
the Social Doctrine of the Church are important resources in this area. The synod
fathers urge the bishops' conference of each country to form an episcopal commission
to prepare and propagate the Church's social discourse, taking as its starting point
the teaching of the Church, the various positions adopted by the Holy See regarding
current affairs and the actual circumstances facing each country. The synod fathers
urgently recommend that the Eastern Churches take care of the elderly, of immigrants
and refugees with their many different social needs and most especially of the disabled,
setting up whatever structures are needed to meet their needs and facilitating their
integration in society. In fidelity to God the Creator Christians are to have
at heart the protection of nature and the environment they call upon government and
all men of women of good will to unite their efforts to safeguard creation.
B.
The Liturgy
Propositio 39 Liturgy
The biblical and theological wealth
of the Eastern liturgies is at the spiritual service of the universal Church. Nonetheless,
it would be useful and important to renew the liturgical texts and celebrations, where
necessary, so as to answer better the needs and expectations of the faithful. This
renewal must be based on an ever deeper knowledge of tradition and be adapted to
contemporary language and categories.
C. Interreligious Dialogue
Propositio
40 Interreligious dialogue
Christians in the Middle East are called upon
to pursue dialogue with the followers of other religions, bringing hearts and minds
closer together. For this to happen, they, along with their partners, are invited
to work to fortify interreligious dialogue, to strive for the purification of memory
through the forgiveness for the events of the past, and to seek a better future together. In
their daily lives, they are to endeavour to accept one another in spite of their differences,
working to build a new society in which fanaticism and extremism have no place. The
synod fathers would like to see drawn up a formation plan which helps people to be
more open, for use in teaching establishments as well as in seminaries and novitiates.
This will help build a culture of dialogue based on human and religious solidarity.
Propositio
41 Judaism
Judaism has a central place in the Declaration of the Second
Vatican Ecumenical Council, Nostra aetate. Initiatives of dialogue and cooperation
with Jews are to be encouraged so as to foster human and religious values, freedom,
justice, peace and fraternity. Reading the Old Testament and getting to know Jewish
traditions lead to a better understanding of the Jewish religion. We reject anti Semitism
and anti Judaism, while distinguishing between religion and politics.
Propositio
42 Islam
The Declaration of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Nostra
aetate, alongside the pastoral letters of the Eastern Catholic Patriarchs, serves
as the basis for the Catholic Church's relations with Muslims. As Pope Benedict XVI
has said: "Interreligious and intercultural dialogue between Christians and Muslims
cannot be reduced to an optional extra. It is in fact a vital necessity, on which
in large measure our future depends" (Pope Benedict XVI, "Meeting with representatives
of Muslim Communities", Cologne, 20 August 2005). In the Middle East, Christians
share a common life and a common destiny with Muslims. Together they build up society.
It is important to promote the notion of citizenship, the dignity of the human person,
equal rights and duties and religious freedom, including both freedom of worship and
freedom of conscience. Christians in the Middle East are called to pursue a fruitful
dialogue of life with Muslims. They are to take care to show an attitude of esteem
and love, leaving aside every negative prejudice. Together, Christians and Muslims,
they are called upon to discover their respective religious values. They are to offer
the world an image of a positive encounter and a fruitful collaboration between believers
of the two religions, combating together every sort of fundamentalism and violence
in the name of religion.
Conclusion
Propositio 43 Follow up on the
Synod
The Churches which have taken part in the Synod are called upon to make
sure that it is properly followed up by working together with the Council of the Catholic
Patriarchs of the Middle East and the official structures of the relevant Churches,
with a greater involvement of priests and lay and religious experts.
Propositio
44 The Virgin Mary
Holy Mary, the Virgin of Nazareth, who shows us how to
listen to the Word of God, is the Blessed Daughter of our land. From the very beginning
of Christian history, it was the theological reflection of our Eastern Churches which
led to the decisive and glorious definition of Mary as "Theotokos", Mother of God. In
the liturgies of all our Churches, the Virgin Mary has a place of honour and is the
object of the special love of all the People of God. This Daughter of our land,
whom all peoples call blessed, is justifiably invoked as Mother of the Church, especially
since the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council. Aware of the special bonds which,
by God's design, unite us to the Mother of Jesus, we propose that our Churches come
together and jointly entrust the entire Middle East to the protection of the Virgin
Mary.