jpUj;je;ijapd; mnkupf;fg; gazk; .

 

 

 

,t;thuk; Gjd;fpoik jpUj;je;ijapd; Gjd; kiwNghjfj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf mtuJ mnkupf;fg; gazk; gw;wp rpy tpsf;fq;fs; ju tpUk;GfpNwhk; . ,t;thuk; nrt;thad;W jpUj;je;ij mnkupf;fhTf;Fj; jpUg;gazkhfr; nrd;Ws;shH. mnkupf;f mjpgH jpU. [hH[; G];Rk; mtUila JiztpahH yhuhTk; kw;Wk; mnkupf;fhtpd; jpUr;rigj; jiytHfSk; jpUj;je;ij 16 Mk; ngdbf;il th\pq;ldpy; cs;s Mz;l;& tpkhd jsj;jpy; tuNtw;whHfs; . cldbahf ve;jtpjkhd Mlk;gu tuNtw;G epfo;r;rpAk; ,y;yhJ jpUj;je;ij th\pq;ldpy; cs;s tj;jpf;fhd;; Jhjufj;jpy; Xa;ntLf;fr;nrd;whH.

 

Gjd; fhiyapy; jiytH G];Rila nts;is khspifapy; tof;fkhd nghJ muR kupahijNahL mtUf;F tuNtw;G mspf;fg;gLk; . mijj; njhlHe;J mnkupf;f MaHfis jpUj;je;ij  md;W fhiy re;jpf;fpwhH. vq;fSila mLj;jLj;j xyp gug;Gfspy; jpUj;je;ijapd; mnkupf;f epfo;r;rpfs; gw;wp tpsf;fkhd nra;jpfisj; ju cs;Nshk; .

 

fle;j Qhapwd;W %Ntis nrgj;jpd;NghJ mtUila mnkupf;fg; gazk; gads;sjhf mika nrgpf;FkhW jpUj;je;ij Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhH.

“Vg;uy; khjk; 15 Mk; Njjp ehd; cNuhikapypUe;J mnkupf;fhTf;Fk; If;fpa ehl;L rigf;Fk; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;s cs;Nsd; . ehd; re;jpf;f cs;s midtUf;Fk; ,iw thf;ifg; gfpHe;J nfhs;s cs;Nsd; . fpwp];Jtpy;jhd; ekJ ek;gpf;if cs;sJ . ek;Kila mikjpf;Fk; ePjpf;Fk; tpLjiyf;Fk; fpwp];JNt mbj;jsk;. ehk; xUtiunahUtH md;G nra;tjhy; cz;ikahd tpLjiy ngWfpNwhk; . md;Gs;s rNfhju rNfhjupfNs vd;Dila gazk; ntw;wpaila> mnkupf;f kf;fSf;F ,J xU Md;kPfg; GJg;gpj;jyhf mika kd;whLq;fs;” vd;W jpUj;je;ij Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhH.

 

fle;j thuk; jpUj;je;ijapd; nra;jpj; njhlHghsH mUs; je;ij gplupf; ,nyhk;ghHb mnkupf;fg; gazk; gw;wpf; $Wifapy; jpUj;je;ij 16 Mk; ngdbf;l; Vg;uy; 15 ypUe;J 20 tiu mnkupf;fhTf;Fj; jpUg;gazkhfr; nry;fpwhH vd;whh;.

 

“INuhg;ghTf;F” ntspNa gpNurpy; ehl;Lf;F mLj;jgbahf> ,J ,uz;lhtJ gazk; vd;Wk; $wpdhH. ,e;j 5 ehs; jpUg;gazj;Jf;F fhuzk; Ke;ehs; I.eh. jiytH Nfhgp mz;;zd; I.eh Tf;F tUkhW nfhLj;j miog;G vd;Wk; > njhlHe;J jw;Nghijaj; jiytH ghq;fp %d; fle;j Mz;L jpUj;je;ijia cNuhikapy; re;jpj;j NghJ kPz;Lk; nfhLj;j miog;gk; fhuzk; vd;Wk; je;ij ,nyhk;ghHb $wpdhH; . jpUj;je;ij I.eh rigf;Fr; nry;Yk;NghJ mtH mq;Fr; nry;Yk; ehd;fhtJ jpUj;je;ijahf ,Ug;ghH. 1965 Mk; Mz;L jpUj;je;ij  6tJ gTy; I . eh rigapd; 20 Mk; Mz;Lf; nfhz;lhl;lj;Jf;Fk; > 1979 y; jpUj;je;ij 2 Mk; [hd; ghy; gjtp Vw;w nghOJk;> kPz;Lk; I. eh rigapd; 50 Mk; Mz;L nghd; tpohf; nfhz;lhl;lj;jpd; NghJk; mq;Fr; nrd;wpUe;jhH.

,e;j Mz;L brk;gH 10 Mk; Njjp I . eh . rig mfpy cyf kdpj cupikfSf;fhd gpufldj;ijf; nfhz;lhl cs;sJ.

 

jpUj;je;ijapd; mnkupf;fg; gazk; mnkupf;f fj;Njhypf;f rigf;F Mauhfj; jpUj;je;ij nry;Yk; gazkhFk; . mq;Fr; nry;Yk; rkak; jpUj;je;ij Vg;uy;

16 y; mtUila gpwe;j ehisAk; > Vg;uy; 19 y; mtUila jpUj;je;ijahfg; gzp Vw;w 3 Mk; Mz;LtpohitAk; nfhz;lhl cs;shH. ,e;jj; jpUg;gazj;Jf;Fj; jpUj;je;ij “ fpwp];J ekJ ek;gpf;if” vd;w tpUijf; nfhz;Ls;shH. mtUila jpUg;gazj;Jf;F xU thuk; Kd;dH mtH fj;Njhypf;fHfSf;F ntspapl;l nra;jpapy;  mtuJ gazk; vy;yhg; gpuptpidj; jpUr;rigfNshLk; vy;yhr; rkaq;fNshLk; el;Gf; nfhs;tjw;F XH milahskhf ,Uf;Fk; vd ek;gpf;if njuptpj;jhH.

 

jpUj;je;ij 16 Mk; ngdbf;l; MaH vd;w Kiwapy; mtH nry;Yk; jpUg;gazj;Jf;F “ fpwp];J ekJ ek;gpf;if” vd;w tpUJthf;Ff;F tpsf;fk; mspj;jhH. vy;yh nkhop NgRk; vy;yh ,dj;ijAk; NrHe;j vy;yhf; fyhr;rhuj;ijAk; r%f epiyiaAk; NrHe;j midj;J MltUf;Fk; kfspUf;Fk; fpwp];JNt ek;gpf;ifahthH. mtNu ek;kplk; thOk; flTspd; jpUKfk;. mtupy; vy;yh kf;fSk; xNu FLk;gkhf ,izfpNwhk;. ,t;thW ehk; md;gpy; ,iztJjhd; flTspd; jpl;lk;. ,e;j ew;nra;jp mnkupf;fhtpy; NtWhd;wpAs;sJ. gy;NtW nfhz;lhl;lq;fshYk; topghLfshYk;; ehd; ,e;j ek;gpf;ifia cq;fNshL gfpHe;J nfhs;s cs;Nsd; . I.eh rigapy; fye;J nfhs;tjd; topahf ehd; vy;yh ehl;L kf;fNshLk; fpwp];Jt ek;gpf;ifiag; gfpu;e;J nfhs;s cs;Nsd; vd;Wk; jpUj;je;ij jkJ nra;jpapy; $wpapUe;jhH. cyfpy; gyuhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk; Md;kPfj; jiytH jpUj;je;ijahthH. kdpj tho;tpy;; rka kw;Wk; xOf;fkhd nfhs;iffspYk; epiwa khw;wq;fisr; re;jpf;Fk; ,f;fhyf;fl;ljpy; jpUj;je;ijapd; jpUg;gazk; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

 

mnkupf;fh 1776 Mk; Mz;L tpLjiy mile;jJ. mjw;F vl;L Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;dH mUs; je;ij [hd; fhuy; vd;w ,NaR rigf; FU me;ehl;bd; 13 khepyq;fSf;Fg; Nguhauhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhH. mjw;Fg; gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu gyH mnkupf;fhtpy; kiwNghjfk; nra;Js;shHfs;. ,];ghdpa ehl;bypUe;J gpuhd;rp];F rigj; JwtpaUk; gpuhd;]; ehl;bypUe;J VRrigj; JwtpaUk; mq;F ew;nra;jpapd; jPgj;ij Ve;jpr; nrd;Ws;shHfs;. epA+ahHf;fpy; VR rigiar; NrHe;j Irf; N[hf;Rk; mtUila NjhoHfSk; Ntj rhl;rpfshff;  nfhy;yg;gl;lhHfs;. mnkupf;fh cNuhikf;F mjd; muRj; Jhjiu vg;NghJk; epakpj;J te;Js;sJ. ,g;Nghija JhjH jpUkjp Nkup Md; fpnsd;ld; MthH.

 

mnkupf;ff; FbauRj; jiytH [hH[; G];Rk; mtUila JiztpahH yhuhTk; tof;fj;Jf;F khwhf tpkhd epiyak; nrd;W jpUj;je;ijiar; re;jpf;f cs;shHfs; . mjw;F tpsf;fkspj;j [hH[; G];> 16 Mk; ngdbf;l; gy tiffspy; Kf;fpakhdtH > gy Nfhb kf;fspd; gpujpepjpahf mtH NgRfpwhH. mtH murpay;thjpay;y. mtH flTSf;Fg; gzpnra;Ak; ,iwj;njhz;lH. mtNuhL NrHe;J ehDk;;> ed;ndwpg;gb ehk; midtUk; tho Ntz;Lk; vdf;$w tpUk;GfpNwd;. kdpj cupikfs; Nghw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ey;y tho;f;if kjpg;gPLfis kjpf;f Ntz;Lk;. jpUj;je;ij mnkupf;fh tUk; ,t;Ntis Nfhbf;fzf;fhNdhH mtH ciu Nfl;f mtH NgRk; nkhopf;fhff; fhj;jpUg;ghHfs;. vy;yhk; ty;y ,iwtd; xUtH cs;shH. vy;NyhUf;Fk; mtH nfhLj;Js;s nfhil “tpLjiy tho;T”. ,it gw;wpj; jpUj;je;ij njspthfg; NgRfpwhH. [hH[; G]; kl;Lky;y mnkupf;fhNt jpUj;je;ijia tuNtw;f MtNyhL cs;sjhf mnkupf;f mjpgH $wpdhH.

 

mnkupf;f mjpgUk; jpUj;je;ijAk; ,iwg;gw;Wf;Fk; gFj;jwpTf;Fk; cs;s njhlHG gw;wpg; Ngryhk;. kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspYk; kw;w gy ,lq;fspYk; kdpj cupik kw;Wk; tpLjiy tho;Tgw;wpg; Ngryhk;. ,itgw;wp jpUj;je;ij kpfj;njspthfg; Ngrty;ytH vd cNuhikf;fhd mnkupf;fj; JhjH jpUkjp Nkup Md; fpnsd;ld; $wpAs;shH. jpUj;je;ij “MaH” vd;w Kiwapy; r%ff; fUj;Jf;fistpl kdl;rhl;rpiar; nrk;ikg; gLj;Jk; Md;kPff; fhupaq;fs; gw;wpAk; ey;y kjpg;gPLfs; gw;wpAk; NgRthH vd vjpHghHf;fyhk;.