gpNurpy; ehl;by; jpUj;je;ijapd; 4tJ ehisa jpUg;gaz epfo;r;rpfs;

Nk13: gpNurpy; ehl;bd; mg;ghnurpjh efuk; me;ehl;bd; Md;kPf ikak; vd;W nrhd;dhy; kpifahfhJ. ,e;efhpy; gpNurpypd; ghJfhtypahk; mg;ghnurpjh md;id Fbnfhz;bUf;fpwhs;. mg;ghnurpjh vd;w NghHj;Jf;fPrpa gjj;jpw;F “fhl;rp nfhLj;jts;” vd;W  mHj;jkhFk;. Vnddpy; ghiugh ejpapy; 1717k; Mz;by;  kPd;gpbf;fr; nrd;w njhkpq;Nfh fhHrpah> gpypg;Ng ngj;NuhNrh> N[h My;nt]; Mfpa %d;W kPdtHfs; ePz;l Neukhf kPd; xd;Wk; mfg;glhky; f\;lg;gl;l NghJ jiyapy;yhj khjhtpd; cUtk; xd;iw tiyfspy; gpbj;jhHfs;. gpd;dH kPz;Lk; tiyia tPrpa NghJ jiyia vLj;jhHfs;. %d;whtJ jlitahf tiyiaj; jz;zPhpy; tPrpa NghJ mjpraf;fj;jf;f tifapy; kPd;fis Vuhskhfg; gpbj;jhHfs;. md;W Kjy; mk;khjh cUtk; gpypg;Ng ngj;NuhNrh tPl;by; 15 Mz;Lfshf itf;fg;gl;L kf;fs; mq;F nrd;W nrgkhiy nrgpj;J te;jdH. Njt md;idapd; mUshy; epiwa GJikfSk; epfo;e;jd. vdNt mt;td;idapd; gf;jp gpNurpypd; gy ,lq;fspYk; gut Muk;gpj;jJ. vdNt 1734y; rpwpa Myaj;ijAk; fl;b xU kPl;lH cauKila ,e;j fWg;G epw mg;ghnurpjh md;idapd; jpUTUtj;ij itj;jdH. gpd;dH 1834y; nghpa Myaf; fl;Lkhdg; gzpfs; njhlq;fpd. 1929y; jpUj;je;ij 11k; gj;jpehjH mg;ghnurpjh md;idia gpNurpypd; murpAk; ghJfhtypAkhf mwptpj;jhH. jw;Nghija Gjpa grpypf;fh  1955y; fl;lg;gl;L jpUj;jykhf mHr;rpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,k;khjh jpUj;jyj;jpw;F tpRthrpfs; Mz;LNjhWk; jpuz;L tUtjhy; me;efhpd; nghUshjhuKk; tsHe;J tUfpwJ.

 

gpNurpypd; kpfg; nghpa efukhd rh gTNyhTf;F 170 fpNyh kPl;lhpYs;s mg;ghnurpjh efhpy; ghk; N[R]; mjhtJ ey;y ,NaR vd;w ngaUila  FUj;Jt fy;Yhhp cs;sJ. ,q;F nts;sp ,uT czit Kbj;J mq;F cwq;fpdhH jpUj;je;ij. ,f;FUj;Jt fy;Yhhpapy;  rdpf;fpoik cs;SH Neuk; fhiy 8 kzpf;Fj; jpUg;gyp epfo;j;jp md;iwa  gaz epfo;r;rpfisj; njhlq;fpdhH mtH. mg;;NghJ ,e;jpa Neuk; rdpf;fpoik khiy 4kzp 30 epkplq;fshFk;. gpd;dH cs;SH Neuk; fhiy 9.30 kzpf;F mq;fpUe;J 30 fpNyh kPl;lhpYs;s Fthuhj;jpd; nfj;jhtpd; g;nrd;jh jh v];nguhd;rh vd;w kWtho;T ikak; nrd;whH. g;nrd;jh jh v];nguhd;rh vd;w NghHj;Jf;fPrpa gjq;fSf;F “ek;gpf;ifapd; gz;iz” vd;W mHj;jk;. ,g;ngaUf;fhd fhuzk; vd;d?

rh gTNyh khefUf;F tlf;Nf Nruh Fd;Wfspd; gs;sj;jhf;fpy; mike;Js;s ,k;kWtho;T ikak; 1983y; n[Hkd; ehl;ilr; NrHe;j gpuhd;rp];fd; JwT rig FU fhd;]; ];lhg;ngy; vd;gtuhy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. Nghijg; nghUSf;Fk; FbNghijf;Fk; mbikahNdhH> jpUkzkhfhj jha;khH> cjtp Njitg;gLk; FLk;gj;jpdH> va;l;]; Nehahspfs;> FbapUf;f ,lq;fs; ,d;wp ,Ug;NghH> Fw;wthspfs; vdg; gyUf;Fj; jQ;rk; nfhLj;J mtHfs; tho;T nrk;ikg;gl ,k;ikak; cioj;J tUfpd;wJ. 28 FUf;fs; Mz; ngz; Jwtpfs;> ,d;Dk; 8000 jd;dhHtg; gzpahsHfs; vd ,q;F Ntiy nra;fpd;wdH. gpNurpy; ehl;ilr; NrHe;jtHfs; kl;Lky;yhJ gpw njd; mnkhpf;f ehLfs;> ,d;Dk; gpw fz;lq;fspypUe;Jk; Ml;fs; ,q;F cs;sdH. NkYk; gpNurpypy; kl;Lk; ,jd; 32 fpisfs; cs;sd. mit jtpu nkf;rpNfh> Fthj;jkhyh> guhFtha;> mHn[d;bdh> nkhrhk;gpf;> n[Hkdp> u\;ah> gpypg;igd;]; Mfpa ehLfspYk; ,jd; fpisfs; nray;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ghy; fuj;jy;> Mg;gps; kuq;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;> Njhl;lq;fspy; Ntiy nra;jy; vdg; gytpjkhd njhopy;fisr; nra;JtUfpd;wdH. rkak;> ,dk; nkhop ehL vd;w ghFghbd;wp ,k;ikaj;jpYs;s ,tHfisf; fbd Ntiyfspy;

 

jpUj;je;ij Kjypy; ,k;kWtho;T ikaj;jpd; Myak; nrd;whH. mq;F $bapUe;j mq;F Ntiy nra;Ak; fpshhp];l; rigf; fd;dpaNuhL NrHe;J nksdkhfr; nrgk; nra;jhH. mq;F mtHfSf;F xU rpwpa ciuAk; toq;fpdhH.

 

mjd; gpd;dH g;nrd;jh jh v];nguhd;rh kWtho;T ikaj;jpd; tpisahl;L ikjhdj;jpy; mq;F rpfpf;if ngWfpwtHfshy; mikf;fg;gl;l gpukhz;lkhd Nkilf;Fr; nrd;whH jpUj;je;ij. mk;ikjhdj;jpy; mkHe;jpUe;j RkhH 6000 NgUf;Fj; jpUj;je;ij Mw;wpa ciuapd; RUf;fj;ijf; Nfl;Nghk;.

Pope – Dis 7

 

jpUj;je;ij jkJ ciuia Kbj;j gpd;dH mk;ikaj;jpw;nfd xU ,yl;rk; mnkhpf;f lhyiuf; nfhLj;jhH. mq;F rpfpr;ir ngWfpwtHfs; jpUj;je;ijAld; jq;fsJ el;Gwitf; fhl;Lk; tpjkhf mtUf;F Nkhjpuk; xd;iwg; ghprhf mspj;jdH. mq;F rpfpr;ir ngWtHfspy; 1500f;F Nkw;gl;ltHfs; kQ;rs; epwf; fhyUld; ntz;ikepw rl;il mzpe;J mq;F mkHe;jpUe;jdH. tj;jpf;fhd; ehl;Lf; nfhbiaf; Fwpf;Fk; ,e;epwq;fis mzpe;jpUe;j mtHfsplk; jpUj;je;ij>   mtHfs; ek;gpf;ifapd; JhJtHfs; Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. ,r;re;jpg;ig jpUj;je;ij Kbj;j NghJ cs;SH Neuk; Kw;gfy; 11kzp 45 epkplq;fshFk;.  ,e;jpa Neuk; rdpf;fpoik ,uT 8 kzp 15 epkplq;fshFk;. jpUj;je;ij mt;tplk; tpl;Lr; nry;Yk; NghJ kf;fs; ngd;Njh ngd;Njh vd;W NghHj;Jf;fPrpaj;jpy; mjhtJ ngdbf;l; ngdbf;l; vd;W cuf;fr; nrhy;yp tho;j;jpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhHfs;. Nghijg; nghUs; tpahghhpfs; xUehs; flTsplk; fzf;Ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vr;rhpj;j jpUj;je;ijapd; Fuy; mtHfspd; nrtpfis vl;Lkh? 

 

,r;re;jpg;ig Kbj;J ghk; N[R]; FUj;Jt fy;Yhhpf;Fr; nrd;whH jpUj;je;ij. mq;F ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f fhPgpad; MaH Nguitapd; 5tJ nghJ mkHtpy; fye;J nfhs;Sk; gpujpepjpfs;> ,d;Dk; kw;wtUld; kjpa czit mUe;jpdhH. Xa;Tf;Fg; gpd;dH khiy 6 kzpf;F mg;ghnurpjh khjh jpUj;jyk; nrd;W gpNurpd; FUf;fs;> Jwtwj;jhH FUjJt khztHfs; kw;Wk; jpahf;Nfhd;fSld; NrHe;J nrgkhiy nrgpj;jhH.

mj;jpUj;jyj;jpy; $bapUe;j Vwj;jho 35 Mapuk; NgUf;F ciu xd;Wk; epfo;j;jpdhH jpUj;je;ij.

 

jpUj;je;ij rdpf;fpoikjpd epfo;r;rpfis Kbj;J mg;gnurpjh ghk; N[R]; FUj;Jt fy;Yhhpf;F ,uT cztUe;jr; nrd;w NghJ ,e;jpahTf;F QhapW fhiy 4 kzp 15 epkplq;fshFk;. ,j;Jld; gpNurpy; ehl;Lf;fhd 4tJ ehs; jpUg;gaz epfo;r;rpfs; epiwT ngw;wd.

 

QhapW ,j;jpUg;gazj;jpd; Ie;jhtJ ehs;. ,e;ehspd; Kjy; epfo;r;rpahf cs;SH Neuk; fhiy 10 kzpf;F  ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f fhPgpad; MaH Nguitapd; 5tJ nghJ mkHitj; njhlq;Fk; jpUg;gypia mg;ghnurpjh khjh jpUj;jyj;jpy; epfo;j;jpdhH jpUj;je;ij. jpUg;gypapd; ,Wjpapy; gy INuhg;gpa nkhopfspy; my;NyYhah tho;j;njhyp ciuAk; toq;fpdhH. NghHj;Jf;fPrpa nkhopapy; tho;j;jpa NghJ NghHj;Jf;fy;ypd; ghj;jpkh efhpy; md;idkhp fhl;rp nfhLj;jjd; 90tJ Mz;L ,Q;Qhapwd;W rpwg;gpf;fg;gLtijr; Rl;bf; fhl;bdhH.

 

md;G cs;sq;fNs! QhapW jpd epfo;Tfis ehis ,Nj Neuj;jpy; Nfl;L kfpOq;fs;. NkYk; ghtpfs; Fwpg;ghfg; Nghijg; nghUs; tpahghpfs; kdk; jpUk;gTk;> jpUj;je;ijf;fhfTk; ekJ FLk;gq;fSf;fhfTk; Fwpg;ghf jha;khHfSf;fhfTk; ghj;jpkhtpy; nrgkhiy nrgpf;fr; nrhd;d ghj;jpkh md;idaplk; nrgpg;Nghk;.